Merge branch 'feat_gcm' into feat_polynomial_gcm

src/main.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use std::{
-    env::{self, args},
+    env::{self},
     fs,
 };
 

src/tasks/mod.rs

@@ -4,11 +4,7 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use crate::utils::parse::{Responses, Testcase, Testcases};
 use tasks01::{
-    block2poly::block2poly,
-    gfmul::gfmul_task,
-    poly2block::poly2block,
-    sea128::sea128,
-    xex::{self, fde_xex},
+    block2poly::block2poly, gfmul::gfmul_task, poly2block::poly2block, sea128::sea128, xex::fde_xex,
 };
 
 use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};

src/tasks/tasks01/block2poly.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::utils::poly::{b64_2_num, block_2_polynomial, get_coefficients};
+use crate::utils::poly::block_2_polynomial;
 use anyhow::Result;
 use base64::prelude::*;
 use serde_json::Value;
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ pub fn block2poly(val: &Value) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use serde_json::json;
-    use std::str::FromStr;
+    
 
     // Note this useful idiom: importing names from outer (for mod tests) scope.
     use super::*;
@@ -51,4 +51,46 @@ mod tests {
 
         Ok(())
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn block2poly_task03() -> Result<()> {
+        let block: Value = json!({"block" : "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==", "semantic" : "gcm"});
+        let coefficients: Vec<u8> = vec![];
+        assert_eq!(
+            block2poly(&block)?,
+            coefficients,
+            "Coefficients were: {:?}",
+            block2poly(&block)?
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn block2poly_task04() -> Result<()> {
+        let block: Value = json!({"block" : "", "semantic" : "gcm"});
+        let coefficients: Vec<u8> = vec![];
+        assert_eq!(
+            block2poly(&block)?,
+            coefficients,
+            "Coefficients were: {:?}",
+            block2poly(&block)?
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn block2poly_task_empty_xex() -> Result<()> {
+        let block: Value = json!({"block" : "", "semantic" : "xex"});
+        let coefficients: Vec<u8> = vec![];
+        assert_eq!(
+            block2poly(&block)?,
+            coefficients,
+            "Coefficients were: {:?}",
+            block2poly(&block)?
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }

src/tasks/tasks01/gfmul.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-use crate::utils::{
-    field::ByteArray,
-    poly::{b64_2_num, coefficient_to_binary, gfmul},
-};
+use crate::utils::poly::gfmul;
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 use base64::prelude::*;
@@ -24,7 +21,8 @@ pub fn gfmul_task(args: &Value) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use serde_json::json;
-    use std::str::FromStr;
+
+    use crate::utils::math::reverse_bits_in_bytevec;
 
     // Note this useful idiom: importing names from outer (for mod tests) scope.
     use super::*;
@@ -108,4 +106,26 @@ mod tests {
         );
         Ok(())
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn gfmul_task_gcm01() -> Result<()> {
+        let args: Value = json!({"a": "ARIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgA==", "b": "AgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=="});
+
+        let poly1_text: String = serde_json::from_value(args["a"].clone())?;
+        let poly_a = reverse_bits_in_bytevec(BASE64_STANDARD.decode(poly1_text)?);
+
+        let poly2_text: String = serde_json::from_value(args["b"].clone())?;
+        let poly_b = reverse_bits_in_bytevec(BASE64_STANDARD.decode(poly2_text)?);
+        let result = BASE64_STANDARD.encode(gfmul(poly_a, poly_b, "gcm")?);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            result,
+            BASE64_STANDARD.encode(reverse_bits_in_bytevec(
+                BASE64_STANDARD.decode("hSQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==")?
+            )),
+            "Failure. Calulated result was: {}",
+            result
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }

src/tasks/tasks01/poly2block.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-use crate::utils::poly::{self, polynomial_2_block};
+use crate::utils::poly::{polynomial_2_block};
 use anyhow::{Ok, Result};
-use base64::prelude::*;
 use serde_json::Value;
 
 pub fn poly2block(args: &Value) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {

src/tasks/tasks01/sea128.rs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ pub fn sea128(args: &Value) -> Result<String> {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use std::fs;
+    
 
     use anyhow::Result;
     use serde_json::json;

src/utils/ciphers.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use std::io::BufRead;
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 use openssl::symm::{Cipher, Crypter, Mode};
@@ -65,12 +64,12 @@ pub fn xex_encrypt(mut key: Vec<u8>, tweak: &Vec<u8>, input: &Vec<u8>) -> Result
     let mut output: Vec<u8> = vec![];
     //assert!(key.len() % 16 == 0, "Failure: Key len {}", key.len());
     //assert!(key2.len() % 16 == 0, "Failure: Key2 len {}", key2.len());
-    let mut tweak_block: ByteArray = ByteArray(sea_128_encrypt(&key2, tweak)?);
+    let mut tweak_block: ByteArray = ByteArray::from(sea_128_encrypt(&key2, tweak)?);
 
     //dbg!("input_chunks: {:001X?}", &input_chunks);
 
     for chunk in input_chunks {
-        let plaintext_intermediate = xor_bytes(&tweak_block.0, chunk)?;
+        let plaintext_intermediate = xor_bytes(&tweak_block.vector, chunk)?;
         /*
                 assert!(
                     plaintext_intermediate.len() % 16 == 0,
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ pub fn xex_encrypt(mut key: Vec<u8>, tweak: &Vec<u8>, input: &Vec<u8>) -> Result
         //assert!(key.len() % 16 == 0, "Failure: Key len {}", key.len());
         //assert!(key2.len() % 16 == 0, "Failure: Key2 len {}", key2.len());
         let cypher_block_intermediate = sea_128_encrypt(&key, &plaintext_intermediate)?;
-        let mut cypher_block = xor_bytes(&tweak_block.0, cypher_block_intermediate)?;
+        let mut cypher_block = xor_bytes(&tweak_block.vector, cypher_block_intermediate)?;
         output.append(cypher_block.as_mut());
         tweak_block.left_shift_reduce("xex");
     }
@@ -99,10 +98,10 @@ pub fn xex_decrypt(mut key: Vec<u8>, tweak: &Vec<u8>, input: &Vec<u8>) -> Result
     let mut output: Vec<u8> = vec![];
     //assert!(key.len() % 16 == 0, "Failure: Key len {}", key.len());
     //assert!(key2.len() % 16 == 0, "Failure: Key2 len {}", key2.len());
-    let mut tweak_block: ByteArray = ByteArray(sea_128_encrypt(&key2, tweak)?);
+    let mut tweak_block: ByteArray = ByteArray::from(sea_128_encrypt(&key2, tweak)?);
 
     for chunk in input_chunks {
-        let cyphertext_intermediate = xor_bytes(&tweak_block.0, chunk)?;
+        let cyphertext_intermediate = xor_bytes(&tweak_block.vector, chunk)?;
 
         /*
         assert!(
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ pub fn xex_decrypt(mut key: Vec<u8>, tweak: &Vec<u8>, input: &Vec<u8>) -> Result
         assert!(key2.len() % 16 == 0, "Failure: Key2 len {}", key2.len());
         */
         let plaintext_block_intermediate = sea_128_decrypt(&key, &cyphertext_intermediate)?;
-        let mut cypher_block = xor_bytes(&tweak_block.0, plaintext_block_intermediate)?;
+        let mut cypher_block = xor_bytes(&tweak_block.vector, plaintext_block_intermediate)?;
         output.append(cypher_block.as_mut());
         tweak_block.left_shift_reduce("xex");
     }
@@ -122,6 +121,42 @@ pub fn xex_decrypt(mut key: Vec<u8>, tweak: &Vec<u8>, input: &Vec<u8>) -> Result
     Ok(output)
 }
 
+pub fn gcm_aes_encrypt(
+    action: &str,
+    mut nonce: Vec<u8>,
+    key: Vec<u8>,
+    plaintext: Vec<u8>,
+    ad: ByteArray,
+) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+    nonce.append(vec![0x01].as_mut());
+
+    let auth_text_xor_block = aes_128_encrypt(&key, &nonce);
+
+    let auth_key_h = aes_128_encrypt(&key, &vec![0]);
+
+    let plaintext: Vec<Vec<u8>> = plaintext.chunks(16).map(|x| x.to_vec()).collect();
+
+    let mut output: Vec<Vec<u8>> = vec![];
+
+    for (ctr, chunk) in plaintext.iter().enumerate() {
+        nonce.pop();
+        nonce.push(ctr as u8);
+
+        let intermediate = aes_128_encrypt(&key, &nonce)?;
+
+        let intermediate2 = xor_bytes(chunk, intermediate)?;
+
+        output.push(intermediate2);
+    }
+    todo!();
+}
+
+pub fn ghash(auth_key_h: Vec<u8>, ad: Vec<u8>, ciphertext: Vec<Vec<u8>>) {
+    let output: Vec<u8> = vec![0, 16];
+
+    let inter1 = xor_bytes(&output, ad);
+}
+
 /*
 * let mut bytes: [u8; 16] = [0u8; 16];
     bytes.copy_from_slice(&ciphertext);

src/utils/field.rs

@@ -4,14 +4,16 @@ use base64::Engine;
 use super::poly::gfmul;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct ByteArray(pub Vec<u8>);
+pub struct ByteArray {
+    pub vector: Vec<u8>,
+}
 
 impl ByteArray {
     pub fn left_shift(&mut self, semantic: &str) -> Result<u8> {
         match semantic {
             "xex" => {
                 let mut carry = 0u8;
-                for byte in self.0.iter_mut() {
+                for byte in self.vector.iter_mut() {
                     let new_carry = *byte >> 7;
                     *byte = (*byte << 1) | carry;
                     carry = new_carry;
@@ -20,14 +22,56 @@ impl ByteArray {
             }
             "gcm" => {
                 let mut carry = 0u8;
-                for byte in self.0.iter_mut() {
+                for byte in self.vector.iter_mut() {
+                    let new_carry = *byte & 1;
+                    *byte = (*byte >> 1) | carry << 7;
+                    carry = new_carry;
+                }
+                Ok(carry)
+            }
+            _ => Err(anyhow!("Failure in lsh. No compatible action found")),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn left_shift_reduce(&mut self, semantic: &str) {
+        match semantic {
+            "xex" => {
+                let alpha_poly: Vec<u8> = base64::prelude::BASE64_STANDARD
+                    .decode("AgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==")
+                    .expect("Decode failed");
+                self.vector = gfmul(self.vector.clone(), alpha_poly, "xex").unwrap();
+            }
+            "gcm" => {
+                let alpha_poly: Vec<u8> = base64::prelude::BASE64_STANDARD
+                    .decode("AgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==")
+                    .expect("Decode failed");
+                self.vector = gfmul(self.vector.clone(), alpha_poly, "gcm").unwrap();
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn right_shift(&mut self, semantic: &str) -> Result<u8> {
+        match semantic {
+            "xex" => {
+                let mut carry = 0u8;
+                for byte in self.vector.iter_mut().rev() {
                     let new_carry = *byte & 1;
                     *byte = (*byte >> 1) | (carry << 7);
                     carry = new_carry;
                 }
                 Ok(carry)
             }
-            _ => Err(anyhow!("Failure in lsh. No compatible action found")),
+            "gcm" => {
+                let mut carry = 0u8;
+                for byte in self.vector.iter_mut().rev() {
+                    let new_carry = *byte & 1;
+                    *byte = (*byte << 1) | carry;
+                    carry = new_carry;
+                }
+                Ok(carry)
+            }
+            _ => Err(anyhow!("Failure in rsh. No valid semantic found")),
         }
     }
 
@@ -49,150 +93,139 @@ impl ByteArray {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn right_shift(&mut self, semantic: &str) -> Result<u8> {
-        match semantic {
-            "xex" => {
-                let mut carry = 0u8;
-                for byte in self.0.iter_mut().rev() {
-                    let new_carry = *byte & 1;
-                    *byte = (*byte >> 1) | (carry << 7);
-                    carry = new_carry;
-                }
-                Ok(carry)
-            }
-            "gcm" => {
-                let mut carry = 0u8;
-                for byte in self.0.iter_mut().rev() {
-                    let new_carry = *byte & 1;
-                    *byte = (*byte << 1) | carry;
-                    carry = new_carry;
-                }
-                Ok(carry)
-            }
-            _ => Err(anyhow!("Failure in rsh. No valid semantic found")),
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn xor_byte_arrays(&mut self, vec2: &ByteArray) {
-        self.0
+        self.vector
             .iter_mut()
-            .zip(vec2.0.iter())
+            .zip(vec2.vector.iter())
             .for_each(|(x1, x2)| *x1 ^= *x2);
     }
 
-    pub fn LSB_is_one(&self) -> bool {
+    pub fn lsb_is_one(&self) -> bool {
         (self.0.first().unwrap() & 1) == 1
     }
 
     pub fn msb_is_one(&self) -> bool {
-        (self.0.last().unwrap() & 1) == 1
+        (self.vector.last().unwrap() & 1) == 1
     }
 
     pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        for i in self.0.iter() {
+        for i in self.vector.iter() {
             if *i != 0 {
                 return false;
             }
         }
         true
     }
+
+    pub fn reverse_bits_in_bytevec(&mut self) {
+        self.0 = self.0.iter_mut().map(|byte| byte.reverse_bits()).collect();
+    }
+
+    pub fn append_vec(&mut self, mut other: Vec<u8>) {
+        self.vector.append(other.as_mut());
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Vec<u8>> for ByteArray {
+    fn from(item: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
+        ByteArray { vector: item }
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use std::fs;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_byte_array_shift1() {
-        let mut byte_array: ByteArray = ByteArray(vec![0x00, 0x01]);
-        let shifted_array: ByteArray = ByteArray(vec![0x00, 0x02]);
+        let mut byte_array: ByteArray = ByteArray::from(vec![0x00, 0x01]);
+        let shifted_array: ByteArray = ByteArray::from(vec![0x00, 0x02]);
         byte_array.left_shift("xex");
 
-        assert_eq!(byte_array.0, shifted_array.0);
+        assert_eq!(byte_array.vector, shifted_array.vector);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_byte_array_shift2() {
-        let mut byte_array: ByteArray = ByteArray(vec![0xFF, 0x00]);
-        let shifted_array: ByteArray = ByteArray(vec![0xFE, 0x01]);
+        let mut byte_array: ByteArray = ByteArray::from(vec![0xFF, 0x00]);
+        let shifted_array: ByteArray = ByteArray::from(vec![0xFE, 0x01]);
         byte_array.left_shift("xex");
 
         assert_eq!(
-            byte_array.0, shifted_array.0,
+            byte_array.vector, shifted_array.vector,
             "Failure: Shifted array was: {:?}",
-            byte_array.0
+            byte_array.vector
         );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_byte_array_shift1_gcm() {
-        let mut byte_array: ByteArray = ByteArray(vec![0xFF, 0x00]);
-        let shifted_array: ByteArray = ByteArray(vec![0x7F, 0x80]);
+        let mut byte_array: ByteArray = ByteArray::from(vec![0xFF, 0x00]);
+        let shifted_array: ByteArray = ByteArray::from(vec![0x7F, 0x80]);
         byte_array.left_shift("gcm");
 
         assert_eq!(
-            byte_array.0, shifted_array.0,
+            byte_array.vector, shifted_array.vector,
             "Failure: Shifted array was: {:02X?}",
-            byte_array.0
+            byte_array.vector
         );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_byte_array_shift1_right_gcm() {
-        let mut byte_array: ByteArray = ByteArray(vec![0xFF, 0x00]);
-        let shifted_array: ByteArray = ByteArray(vec![0xFE, 0x00]);
+        let mut byte_array: ByteArray = ByteArray::from(vec![0xFF, 0x00]);
+        let shifted_array: ByteArray = ByteArray::from(vec![0xFE, 0x00]);
         byte_array.right_shift("gcm");
 
         assert_eq!(
-            byte_array.0, shifted_array.0,
+            byte_array.vector, shifted_array.vector,
             "Failure: Shifted array was: {:02X?}",
-            byte_array.0
+            byte_array.vector
         );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_byte_array_shift_right() {
-        let mut byte_array: ByteArray = ByteArray(vec![0x02]);
-        let shifted_array: ByteArray = ByteArray(vec![0x01]);
+        let mut byte_array: ByteArray = ByteArray::from(vec![0x02]);
+        let shifted_array: ByteArray = ByteArray::from(vec![0x01]);
         byte_array.right_shift("xex");
 
         assert_eq!(
-            byte_array.0, shifted_array.0,
+            byte_array.vector, shifted_array.vector,
             "Failure: Shifted array was: {:?}",
-            byte_array.0
+            byte_array.vector
         );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_lsb_one() {
         let byte_array: ByteArray = ByteArray(vec![0x00, 0xFF]);
-        assert!(!byte_array.LSB_is_one());
+        assert!(!byte_array.lsb_is_one());
 
         let byte_array2: ByteArray = ByteArray(vec![0x02, 0xFF]);
-        assert!(!byte_array2.LSB_is_one());
+        assert!(!byte_array2.lsb_is_one());
 
         let byte_array3: ByteArray = ByteArray(vec![0xFF, 0x00]);
-        assert!(byte_array3.LSB_is_one());
+        assert!(byte_array3.lsb_is_one());
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_byte_xor() {
-        let mut byte_array: ByteArray = ByteArray(vec![0x25, 0x25]);
-        let byte_array2: ByteArray = ByteArray(vec![0x55, 0x55]);
+        let mut byte_array: ByteArray = ByteArray::from(vec![0x25, 0x25]);
+        let byte_array2: ByteArray = ByteArray::from(vec![0x55, 0x55]);
 
         byte_array.xor_byte_arrays(&byte_array2);
 
-        assert_eq!(byte_array.0, vec![0x70, 0x70]);
+        assert_eq!(byte_array.vector, vec![0x70, 0x70]);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_byte_xor2() {
-        let mut byte_array: ByteArray = ByteArray(vec![0x00, 0x00]);
-        let byte_array2: ByteArray = ByteArray(vec![0x55, 0x55]);
+        let mut byte_array: ByteArray = ByteArray::from(vec![0x00, 0x00]);
+        let byte_array2: ByteArray = ByteArray::from(vec![0x55, 0x55]);
 
         byte_array.xor_byte_arrays(&byte_array2);
 
-        assert_eq!(byte_array.0, vec![0x55, 0x55]);
+        assert_eq!(byte_array.vector, vec![0x55, 0x55]);
     }
 }

src/utils/math.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-use anyhow::{anyhow, Ok, Result};
-use base64::Engine;
-
-use super::poly::gfmul;
+use anyhow::{Ok, Result};
 
 pub fn xor_bytes(vec1: &Vec<u8>, mut vec2: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
     for (byte1, byte2) in vec1.iter().zip(vec2.iter_mut()) {
@@ -10,3 +7,9 @@ pub fn xor_bytes(vec1: &Vec<u8>, mut vec2: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
 
     Ok(vec2)
 }
+
+pub fn reverse_bits_in_bytevec(mut vec: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> {
+    vec = vec.iter_mut().map(|byte| byte.reverse_bits()).collect();
+
+    vec
+}

src/utils/parse.rs

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub fn parse_json(json: String) -> Result<Testcases> {
 mod tests {
     use std::fs;
 
-    use serde_json::json;
+    
 
     // Note this useful idiom: importing names from outer (for mod tests) scope.
     use super::*;

src/utils/poly.rs

@@ -1,46 +1,63 @@
 use crate::utils::field::ByteArray;
 use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use base64::prelude::*;
-use serde_json::Value;
 use std::{str::FromStr, u128, u8, usize};
 
-use super::field;
 pub const RED_POLY: u128 = 0x87000000_00000000_00000000_00000000;
 
 pub fn gfmul(poly_a: Vec<u8>, poly_b: Vec<u8>, semantic: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
-    let mut red_poly_bytes: ByteArray = ByteArray(RED_POLY.to_be_bytes().to_vec());
-    red_poly_bytes.0.push(0x01);
+    let mut red_poly_bytes: ByteArray = ByteArray::from(RED_POLY.to_be_bytes().to_vec());
+    red_poly_bytes.vector.push(0x01);
 
-    let mut poly1: ByteArray = ByteArray(poly_a);
-    poly1.0.push(0x00);
+    red_poly_bytes.reverse_bits_in_bytevec();
 
-    let mut poly2: ByteArray = ByteArray(poly_b);
-    poly2.0.push(0x00);
+    let mut poly1: ByteArray = ByteArray::from(poly_a);
+    poly1.vector.push(0x00);
+
+    let mut poly2: ByteArray = ByteArray::from(poly_b);
+    poly2.vector.push(0x00);
+
+    eprintln!(
+        "poly1 is: {:001X?} \n poly2 is: {:001X?} \n gen poly is: {:001X?} \n",
+        poly1, poly2, red_poly_bytes
+    );
 
     let mut result: ByteArray = ByteArray(vec![0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
+    let mut result: ByteArray =
+        ByteArray::from(vec![0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
 
-    if poly2.LSB_is_one() {
+    if poly2.msb_is_one() {
         result.xor_byte_arrays(&poly1);
     }
     poly2.right_shift(semantic)?;
 
+    eprintln!(
+        "poly1 is: {:001X?} \n poly2 is: {:001X?} \n gen poly is: {:001X?} \n result is: {:001X?} \n ",
+        poly1, poly2, red_poly_bytes, result
+    );
+
     while !poly2.is_empty() {
+        eprintln!(
+            "poly1 is: {:001X?} \n poly2 is: {:001X?} \n gen poly is: {:001X?} \n result is: {:001X?} \n ",
+            poly1, poly2, red_poly_bytes, result
+        );
         poly1.left_shift(semantic)?;
 
-        if poly1.msb_is_one() {
+        if poly1.lsb_is_one() {
             poly1.xor_byte_arrays(&red_poly_bytes);
         }
 
-        if poly2.LSB_is_one() {
+        if poly2.msb_is_one() {
+            eprintln!("poly write to result");
             result.xor_byte_arrays(&poly1);
         }
 
         poly2.right_shift(semantic)?;
     }
 
-    result.0.remove(16);
+    result.vector.remove(16);
 
-    Ok(result.0)
+    Ok(result.vector)
 }
 
 pub fn convert_gcm_to_xex(gcm_poly: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
@@ -104,13 +121,16 @@ pub fn get_bit_indices_from_byte(byte: u8) -> Vec<u8> {
 }
 
 pub fn block_2_polynomial(block: Vec<u8>, semantic: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+    if block.len() == 0 {
+        Ok(Vec::new())
+    } else {
         let mut output: Vec<u8> = vec![];
         match semantic {
             "xex" => {
-            for i in 0u8..=15 {
-                for j in 0u8..=7 {
-                    if (block[i as usize] >> j) & 1 == 1 {
-                        output.push(8 * i + j);
+                for byte in 0u8..=15 {
+                    for bit in 0u8..=7 {
+                        if (block[byte as usize] >> bit) & 1 == 1 {
+                            output.push(8 * byte + bit);
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -118,10 +138,10 @@ pub fn block_2_polynomial(block: Vec<u8>, semantic: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
                 Ok(output)
             }
             "gcm" => {
-            for i in 0u8..=15 {
-                for j in 0u8..=7 {
-                    if (block[i as usize] >> j) & 1 == 1 {
-                        output.push(8 * i + 7 - j);
+                for byte in 0u8..=15 {
+                    for bit in 0u8..=7 {
+                        if (block[byte as usize] >> bit) & 1 == 1 {
+                            output.push(8 * byte + 7 - bit);
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -130,6 +150,7 @@ pub fn block_2_polynomial(block: Vec<u8>, semantic: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
             }
             _ => Err(anyhow!("Error in b2p")),
         }
+    }
 }
 
 pub fn polynomial_2_block(coefficients: Vec<u8>, semantic: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
@@ -163,7 +184,7 @@ pub fn coefficients_to_byte_arr_xex(coeffs: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> {
     let mut byte_array: Vec<u8> = vec![0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
     for coeff in coeffs {
         let block_num = coeff / 8;
-        byte_array[usize::from(block_num)] |= (1 << (coeff % 7));
+        byte_array[usize::from(block_num)] |= 1 << (coeff % 7);
     }
 
     byte_array